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Research Opportunities - Business and Management Studies

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三月 31, 2000

The following listing is for research degrees and jobs in Business and Management Studies #221> . Where possible a central contact person or office contact point has been given. Where there are several contact people they have been listed with the courses for which they have responsibility. If an institution does not appear in this list you should not assume that they do not offer post-graduate research degrees.

Key #221> Name of institution #221> For the sake of brevity the short version of an institution's name has been used. Validation #221> If an institution's courses are validated by another college its name is given in brackets. Contact names #221> A contact is given for each opportunity listed. Where there is a central contact for all an institution's opportunities in a particular area, the contact will be given once only. Qualification level #221> MSc, PhD etc. The figure in brackets indicates the number of places available where known. Mode of study #221> FT = Full Time PT = Part Time Funding #221> A = Assistantships available to students to undertake paid work while studying for a higher degree &#163; = Scholarship/ studentships available ? = Funding is a possibility.

Students should contact the department listed. Do not address enquiries to The THES. We are unable to help

Business and Management Studies

Aberdeen U. Management Studies Dr L McKee Tel: 01224 15; URL: &#163;? A?

Abertay U. Management Dr W S Howe Tel: 01382 308473 Email: w.s.howe@tay.ac.uk

Wales: Aberystwyth Accounting and Finance: Centre for Business Studies Miss Catrin James Tel: 01970 6220; URL: &#163; A?

Anglia P.U. Anglia Business School Dr Jill Preston Tel: 01223 3631; URL: Anglia Business School: European Business Economics Dr Jill Preston Tel: 01223 3631; URL: Anglia Business School: Total Quality and Innovation Management Centre Prof John Pike Tel: 01245 222141; URL: Anglian Law School: Employment Relations Research and Development Centre Roger Welch Tel: 01245 493131; URL:

Aston U. Aston Business School Mrs Pam Lewis Tel: 0121 359 3611 ext 4429 Email: p.e.lewis@aston.ac.uk &#163; A

Wales: Bangor Accounting, Banking and Economics Prof S J Macleay Tel: 01248 382158 Fax: 01248 370451

Bath U. Management Dr R H Green Tel: 01225 826826 ext 5885; URL: &#163;? A?

Queen's U. of Belfast Management Julian Warner Tel: 01232 3622; URL: &#163; A?

Birmingham U. Commerce Dr L T Wright Tel: 0121 414 6701 Email: l.t.wright@bham.ac.uk

Bolton I.H.E. Bolton Business School Prof H H&ouml;pfl Tel: 01204 528851 ext 3117; URL: &#163;? A?

Bournemouth U. Business School Dr Julia Kiely Tel: 01202 504346; URL: Finance and Law Prof Kevin McGuinness Tel: 01202 595187; URL: &#163;? Service Industries Prof John Fletcher Tel: 01202 595158; URL: &#163;?

Bradford U. Management Centre Ms C Barkby Tel: 014 384356 Fax: 014 546866

Brighton U. Centre for Research in Innovation Management Mr Howard Rush Tel: 013 642188; URL: International Business Research Unit Dr Rebecca Harding Tel: 013 642175; URL:

Bristol U. Graduate School of International Business Judy Denham Tel: 0117 973 7683; URL:

Bristol: UWE Bristol Business School Prof R Hussey Tel: 0117 656 6261 ext 3430; URL: &#163;? Languages and European Studies Prof G Shaw Tel: 0117 976 3914 Email: gk-shaw@uwe.ac.uk &#163;? Operations Management Prof R Hussey Tel: 0117 965 6261 ext 3463; URL:

Brunel U. Business Studies W A Cockett Tel: 0181 891 0121 ext 06 Email: ellen.williams@brunel.ac.uk Management Studies Dr N Cornelius Tel: 01895 4000 ext 3122 Email: nelarine.cornelius@brunel.ac.uk &#163;? A?

Buckingham U. Business Prof R Stacey Tel: 01280 814080; URL: &#163;?

Buckinghamshire C.H.E. (Brunel U.) Business and Management Studies Vincent Edwards Tel: 01494 874441 Email: v.edwards@buckscol.ac.uk

Cambridge U. Judge Institute of Management Studies Graduate Admissions Secretary Tel: 01223 339636; URL: &#163; A

Canterbury Christ Church College (Kent U.) Business and Management Studies Kendra Perrott Tel: 012 7801 Email: k.e.perrott@cant.ac.uk

Wales: Cardiff Cardiff Business School Prof John Richard Edwards Tel: 01222 874000 ext 6786; URL: &#163;? Maritime Studies and International Transport Prof J King Tel: 01222 8741; URL:

Central England U. in Birmingham University of Central England Business School (UCEBS) Prof John Sparrow Tel: 0121 331 5217 Fax: 0121 331 6366

Central Lancashire U. Business Information Management Prof Alan Gillies Tel: 01772 893665; URL: &#163;? Hospitality and Tourism George Taylor Tel: 01772 893905; URL: &#163;? International Business Phil Baugh Tel: 01772 893681; URL: &#163;? Management Development Dr Peter Thomas Tel: 01772 893717; URL: &#163;? Organisation Studies Dr Carol Jones Tel: 01772 893787; URL: &#163;?

Cheltenham and Gloucester C.H.E. (Bristol U.) Business and Finance Dr K Ross Tel: 01242 543408; URL:

City U. Business School Ms Liz Taylor Tel: 0171 447 8606; URL: Arts Policy and Management Michael Quine Tel: 0171 477 8000 ext 5152; URL: Business Computing Dr J O Jenkins Tel: 0171 477 8410; URL:

Coventry U. Coventry Business School Dr Tom Donnelly Tel: 01203 838475; URL: A?

Cranfield: Cranfield College of Aeronautics Prof D J Allerton Tel: 01234 7546700; URL: Cranfield School of Management Mr W Bulbrook Tel: 01234 751122 ext 3774; URL: &#163;

Cranfield: Shrivenham Defence Management and Security Analysis Prof Trevor Taylor Tel: 01793 785286 Email: taylort@rmcs.cranfield.ac.uk &#163; A?

Cranfield: Silsoe Agriculture, Food and Environment: Department of Management and Marketing Student Admissions Office Tel: 01525 863319; URL: &#163;?

De Montfort U. Leicester Business School Prof I Beardwell Tel: 0116 257 7207 Fax: 0116 251 7548

De Montfort U. Bedford Business School Peter Craig/Jane Mason Tel: 01234 351671 Email: jmason@dmu.ac.uk

Derby U. Business Dr A Clarke Tel: 01332 622222 ext 1405 Email: a.clarke@derby.ac.uk Management School Administration Officer Tel: 01332 622222 ext 1420 Email: d.j.smith@derby.ac.uk

Dundee U. Management and Consumer Studies Dr Phil Lyon Tel: 01382 3454; URL:

Durham U. Business School Prof Denis Smith Tel: 0191 374 7326 Email: denis.smith@durham.ac.uk &#163;?

East Anglia U. Management Dr B Witcher Tel: 01603 592658; URL: &#163;? A?

East London U. East London Business School Freda Stoneham Tel: 0181 849 3454 Email: f.a.stoneham@uel.ac.uk &#163;? A?

Edge Hill U.C. (Lancaster U.) Centre for Business and Management Dr Sue Speakman Tel: 01695 584416 Email: speakm@admin.ehche.ac.uk

Edinburgh U. Business Studies Mr J Crook Tel: 0131 650 3802; URL:

Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt U. Business Organisation Dr W N Shaw Tel: 0131 449 5111 ext 4812/ 4815; URL:

Essex U. Accounting, Finance and Management Postgraduate Secretary Tel: 01206 873376; URL: &#163; A?

Exeter U. Centre for Leadership Studies Sue Murch Tel: 01392 413023 Email: s.murch@exeter.ac.uk Business and Economics Postgraduate Admissions Tutor Tel: 01392 264494 Email: A.Gregory@exeter.ac.uk &#163;? A?

Glamorgan U. Business School Prof M Laffin Tel: 01443 482342; URL: Business School Prof M Laffin Tel: 01443 482342; URL:

Glasgow U. Management Studies Graduate School Secretary Tel: 0141 330 4725; URL: &#163;

Glasgow Caledonian U. Finance and Accounting Prof K Paudyal (Finance) Tel: 0141 331 3354 Email: kpa@gcal.ac.uk; Ian A M Fraser (Accounting) Tel: 0141 331 3371 Email: i.a.m.fraser@gcal.ac.uk Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Management Prof D Litteljohn Tel: 0141 337 4307 Email: dli@gcal.ac.uk A? Management Prof John Taylor Tel: 0141 331 3128 Email: jta@gcal.ac.uk Risk and Financial Services Dr Simon Gao Tel: 0141 331 3717 Email: s.s.gao@gcal.ac.uk Business Prof John Taylor Tel: 0141 331 3160; URL:

Greenwich U. Business School Dr Jan Druker Tel: 0181 331 9905 Email: j.m.druker@greenwich.ac.uk

Hertfordshire University. Business School Dr S Taylor Tel: 01707 285453 Email: s.m.i.taylor@herts.ac.uk

Huddersfield U. Transport and Logistics Dr A E Whiteing Tel: 01484 422288 ext 2615; URL: &#163;? Food, Nutrition and Hospitality Management Mr Stephen Ball Tel: 01484 472382 Email: s.ball@hud.ac.uk &#163;? A? Huddersfield University Business School Prof R Welford Tel: 01484 472019; URL: &#163;? A?

Hull U. Centre for Systems Studies Dr Peter Murray Tel: 01482 466359; URL: Management Systems and Sciences Dr Peter Murray Tel: 01482 466359; URL: Institute for Organisational Analysis Dr Peter Murray Tel: 01482 466359; URL:

Keele U. Centre for Social Theory and Technology Prof R Cooper Tel: 01782 583421 Email: mna13@keele.ac.uk Management Dr M Kelemen Tel: 01782 584298 Email: mna05@keele.ac.uk Health Planning and Management Dr B N Ong Tel: 01782 583191 Email: hma02@keele.ac.uk Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations Dr D Lyddon Tel: 01782 583396 Email: ida01@keele.ac.uk

Kent U. Canterbury Business School Prof R Cheng Tel: 012 8726; URL: &#163;?

Kingston U. Business Prof Robert Blackburn Tel: 0181 547 7354 Email: r.blackburn@kingston.ac.uk &#163;? A?

Lancaster U. Accounting and Finance Prof P Pope Tel: 01524 593976; URL: &#163; A? Behaviour in Organisations Prof Mike Reed Tel: 01524 594056; URL: &#163; Management Learning Dr Morgan Tanton Tel: 01524 594019; URL: &#163; Management Science Prof Alan Mercer Tel: 01524 593864; URL: &#163;? Marketing Prof Geoff Easton Tel: 01524 593917; URL: &#163; Management School Mrs S Lucas Tel: 01524 594059; URL: &#163; Management School: Critical Management Sarah Patterson Tel: 01524 593855; URL: &#163;

Leeds U. Leeds University Business School Mary Shearsmith Tel: 0113 233 6862; URL: Leeds University Business School Mary Shearsmith Tel: 0113 233 6862; URL:

Leeds Metropolitan U. Information Management Prof A Bryant Tel: 0113 283 3240; URL: &#163;? A? Leeds Business School Prof Eamonn Judge Tel: 0113 283 2600; URL:

Leicester U. Management Centre Prof Jackson Tel: 0116 252 3952 Email: lumc@le.ac.uk A?

Lincolnshire &amp; Humberside: Humberside Business Management Leigh Davison Tel: 01482 440550; URL: Human Resource and Administrative Management Doreen Osuch Tel: 01482 440550; URL: International Marketing Peter Forte Tel: 01482 463337; URL:

Lincolnshire &amp; Humberside: Lincoln Centre for Applied Development Studies Dr Amanda Gregory Tel: 01522 886162; URL: Information Systems Dr Dennis Edgar-Neville Tel: 01522 886117; URL: Education Management Prof Brent Davies Tel: 01522 882000; URL: Management Prof Mike Jackson Tel: 01522 886165; URL:

Liverpool U. Liverpool Institute of Public Administration and Management Prof Morton R Davies Tel: 0151 794 2911 Email: mrdavies@liv.ac.uk &#163;? A?

Liverpool John Moores U. Liverpool Business School Roger Pegum Tel: 0151 231 3849; URL:

London: Birkbeck College Management Ms J Piesse Tel: 0171 631 6760; URL:

London: Imperial College Management Prof Sue Birley Tel: 0171 594 9103 Email: s.birley@ic.ac.uk &#163;? A?

London: King's College Management Centre Mrs Eva Harte Tel: 0171 333 4486 Email: eva.harte@kcl.ac.uk

London: London Business School PhD Programme Kevin McCarthy Tel: 0171 706 6893; URL: &#163; A

London: London School of Economics Industrial Relations Graduate Admissions Office Tel: 0171 955 7106/7160; URL: Information Systems Graduate Admissions Office Tel: 0171 955 7106/7160; URL: Institute of Management Graduate Admissions Office Tel: 0171 955 7106/7160; URL:

London: Royal Holloway College Management Dr C Liston-Heyes Tel: 01784 443785; URL:

London: University College Bartlett School of Architecture, Building, Environmental Design and Planning Ms A Pink Tel: 0171 391 1738; URL: &#163;

London: Wye College Agricultural Economics and Business Management Academic Registrar Tel: 01233 812401; URL:

London Guildhall U. Business Studies Dr R Bennett Tel: 0171 320 1577; URL: A? Management and Professional Development Dr Michael Taylor Tel: 0171 320 1569; URL:

Loughborough U. Business School Dr J M Wilson Tel: 01509 223108; Ann Shaw Tel: 01509 223395; URL: &#163;? Centre for Hazard and Risk Management, Business School Dr Judith Petts Tel: 01509 222156; URL:

Luton U. Business Systems Brian Lehaney Tel: 01582 743153 Email: brian.lehaney@luton.ac.uk &#163; Business and Management Eddie O'Neil Tel: 01582 743150 Email: eddie.o'neil@luton.ac.uk; Research Administrator Tel: 01582 743122 Fax: 01582 743143 &#163;

Manchester U. Business Administration Karen Gabay Tel: 0161 5 6312; URL: &#163;? Manchester Business School Karen Gabay Tel: 0161 5 6312; URL:

Manchester Metropolitan U. Centre for Business History Prof D J Jeremy Tel: 0161 247 3911; URL: &#163; Centre for Policy Modelling Dr S Moss Tel: 0161 247 3886; URL: &#163; Business Information Technology Mr D Dunn Tel: 0161 247 3809; URL: &#163; Business Studies Mr R C Warren Tel: 0161 247 3837; URL: &#163; Clothing Design and Technology Richard Morris Jones Tel: 0161 247 2652 Email: r.m.jones@mmu.ac.uk Hotel, Catering and Tourism Management Prof H L Hughes Tel: 0161 247 39 Email: h.hughes@mmu.ac.uk Management Prof Richard Thorpe Tel: 0161 247 3953; URL: &#163; Retailing and Marketing Dr D Bennison Tel: 0161 247 3858; URL: &#163; International Business Unit Frank McDonald Tel: 0161 247 3901; URL: &#163;

Middlesex U. Middlesex University Business School Prof Abby Ghobadian Tel: 0181 362 58 Fax: 0181 362 5822

Napier U. Business and Information Management Ross Hamilton Tel: 0131 455 3332; John Sinclair Tel: 0131 455 3348; URL:

Newcastle U. Agricultural Economics and Food Marketing Dr F McLeay Tel: 0191 222 6900; URL: &#163; Newcastle School of Management Studies Prof E Chell Tel: 0191 222 7543; URL:

North East Wales Institute of HE (U. of Wales) Management, Business and IT Ms Tina Stephens Tel: 01978 293060; URL: &#163; A?

North London U. Business School Stuart Archbold Tel: 0171 753 7049; URL: &#163; A?

Nottingham U. Management and Finance Prof C T Ennew Tel: 0115 951 5259; URL: &#163;? A?

Nottingham Trent U. Nottingham Business School Prof F Terry Tel: 0115 941 8418 ext 2476 Email: nbs3terryfr@ntu.ac.uk

Open U. Open University Business School Course Reservations Centre Tel: 01908 653231; URL: &#163;? Systems Department Course Reservations Centre Tel: 01908 653231; URL: &#163;? Technology Policy Group Course Reservations Centre Tel: 01908 653231; URL: &#163;?

Paisley U. Management and Marketing Prof Reggie von Zugbach de Sugg Tel: 0141 848 3382 Email: zugb-em0@paisley.ac.uk &#163;? A?

Plymouth U. Institute of Marine Studies Dr Kevin Cullinane Tel: 01752 232408 Email: kcullinane@plymouth.ac.uk Plymouth Business School Dr Ian Chaston Tel: 01752 232810 Email: ian.chaston@pbs.plym.ac.uk

Portsmouth U. Accounting and Management Science Prof Michael Kaye Tel: 01705 844117 Fax: 01705 844037 Business and Management Prof David Goss Tel: 01705 844060 Email: gossd@pbs.port.ac.uk; Prof Gary Akehurst Tel: 01705 844060 Email: akehurstg@pbs.port.ac.uk Accounting and Management Science Prof M Kaye Tel: 01705 844117 Fax: 01705 844037

Reading U. Graduate Centre for International Business Dr Simon Booth Tel: 0118 987 5123 ext 7471 Email: s.a.booth@reading.ac.uk

Robert Gordon U. Aberdeen Business School Prof M Raj Tel: 01224 283800; URL: Public Administration and Law Prof R Levy Tel: 01224 262900; URL:

Royal Agricultural College (Bath, Bristol, Nottingham, and Reading U.s) Business T M Dee Tel: 01285 652531; URL: &#163;? A?

Salford U. Institute for Social Research: Business Research Centre Dr J Whitelock Tel: 0161 295 5987 Email: j.m.whitelock@bms.salford.ac.uk &#163;? Research Centre for Marketing and Communications Prof R Mason Tel: 0161 295 5019 Email: r.s.mason@business.salford.ac.uk &#163;? A?

Scottish Agricultural College (Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Strathclyde U.s) Business and Management Academic Registrar Tel: 01292 525350; URL:

Scottish Coll of Textiles (Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt U.) Management Mr R Paul Tel: 01896 753351 Email: paulr@scot.ac.uk &#163;? A?

Sheffield U. Accounting Mrs M Gleadall Tel: 0114 222 3377; URL: Business Studies Mrs M Gleadall Tel: 0114 222 3377; URL: Management School: Division of Accounting and Financial Management Miss M Gleadall Tel: 0114 222 3377; URL: &#163;? A? Management School: Division of Human Resource Management and Organisational Behaviour Miss M Gleadall Tel: 0114 222 3377; URL: &#163;? A? Management School: Division of International Business Strategy Miss M Gleadall Tel: 0114 222 3386; URL: &#163;? A? Management School: Division of Management Sciences Miss M Gleadall Tel: 0114 222 3377; URL: &#163;? A? Management School: Division of Marketing Miss M Gleadall Tel: 0114 222 3386; URL: &#163;? A?

Sheffield Hallam U. Management Research Institute Prof D Tranfield Tel: 0114 225 2963; URL: &#163;? A?

South Bank U. Business School Prof G Ietto-Gillies Tel: 0171 815 7701 Fax: 0171 815 7076 International Business and Languages Grazia Ietto-Gillies Tel: 0171 815 7701 Email: iettogg@vax.sbu.ac.uk

Southampton U. Management Mrs J Ingledow Tel: 01703 593076; URL: &#163; Management: Centre for Risk Research Mrs J Ingledow Tel: 01703 593076; URL: &#163; Management: Information Systems Mrs J Ingledow Tel: 01703 593076; URL: &#163;

Southampton Institute (Nottingham Trent U.) Business Development Research Centre Peter Jennings Tel: 01703 319000 Email: peter.jennings@solent.ac.uk

St Andrews U. Management Prof M Malek Tel: 01334 462806; URL:

Staffordshire U. Business School Dr M Carter Tel: 01782 294051 Email: m.p.carter@staffs.ac.uk &#163;? A?

Stirling U. Entrepreneurship Mr Frank Martin Tel: 01786 467346/7; URL: &#163;? Management and Organisation Dr R Fincham Tel: 01786 467324; URL: &#163; A? Marketing DR Steve Burt Tel: 01786 467386; URL: &#163;? A?

Strathclyde U. Business and Computer Education Mr Jack Winch Tel: 0141 950 3240 Email: j.r.winch@strath.ac.uk &#163;? A? Accounting and Finance Prof P K Yadav Tel: 0141 548 3939; URL: &#163;? A? Human Resource Management Jeff Hyman Tel: 0141 552 4400 ext 3975 Fax: 0141 552 3581 &#163;? A? Management Science Prof Howard Williams Tel: 0141 552 4400 ext 3153; URL: &#163;? A? Marketing Ms M Jones Tel: 0141 552 4400 ext 3241 Email: l.marian@market.strath.ac.uk Scottish Hotel School Prof T G Baum Tel: 0141 548 3954 Email: t.g.baum@strath.ac.uk &#163;? A? Strathclyde Graduate Business School Dr James McCalman Tel: 0141 553 6003 ext 6122 Email: jim@sgbs.strath.ac.uk &#163;? A? Strathclyde Graduate Business School Dr James McCalman Tel: 0141 553 6003 Email: jim@sgbs.strath.ac.uk &#163;? A?

Surrey U. Retail and Marketing Dr P Dawes Tel: 01483 300800 ext 3089; URL: Management Sciences for the Social Sector Dr M Riley Tel: 01483 300800 ext 3108 Email: m.riley@surrey.ac.uk Surrey European Management School Admissions Tutor Tel: 01483 259347; URL: Surrey European Management School Admissions Tutor Tel: 01483 259347; URL:

Sussex U. Science Policy Research Unit R M Bell Tel: 013 678168; URL:

Wales: Swansea European Business Management School Dr J Probert Tel: 01792 295585 Fax: 01792 295626 &#163;? A?

Swansea Institute of Higher Education (Wales, and West of England U.s) Swansea Business School Dr A Edworthy Tel: 01792 481118 Email: sbs@sihe.ac.uk

Thames Valley U. Business Dr Margaret Ryan Tel: 0181 231 0133 Fax: 0181 231 2966 A?

Ulster U. Management Prof E McAleer Tel: 01232 366352; URL: &#163;? A?

UMIST Manchester School of Management Dr Bernard Burnes Tel: 0161 200 3500; URL:

Warwick U. Centre for Corporate Strategy and Change Ann Jackson Tel: 01203 523918; URL: &#163; A? Warwick Business School Doctoral Programme Secretary Tel: 01203 524754; URL: &#163; A

Westminster U. Westminster Business School Prof John Stanworth Tel: 0171 911 5000 ext 3025; URL: &#163;? A?

Wolverhampton U. Management Research Centre: Wolverhampton Business School Prof L Worrall Tel: 01902 323830; URL: &#163;? A?

About this service #221>

The THES Research Opportunities Service aims to list the current availability of opportunities for postgraduate research training.

The listings include details of new research posts. Although courses from more than 140 institutions are represented here it is not an exhaustive listing.

Some institutions have not wished to list their courses in this way; so you should not assume that institutions not featuring in these lists have no courses to offer. This listing should give a good flavour of the wide variety of research training on offer at higher education institutions in the United kingdom.

Potential students should not make decisions on the basis of this listing alone. Potential candidates should contact the institutions of their choice directly if they wish to discuss their future plans. They should not contact The THES or the compilers of this listing.

Quality of degrees #221>

All UK universities in membership of the Committee of Vice Chancellors and Principals have power to award British degrees after either courses of study or programmes of research, and some colleges of higher education have one or both of these powers.

Other colleges provide courses or programmes which are validated by an institution which has those powers. Courses of this kind are listed under the name of the college which runs them; the name of the validating institution, which finally awards the degree, is in brackets.

The compilers #221>

This list has been compiled by the Higher Education Careers Services Unit (CSU) on the basis of returns from institutions. CSU is an agency of the Committee of Vice Chancellors and Principals, the Standing Conference of Principals of Colleges and Institutes of higher education and the Committee of Scottish Centrally Funded Colleges.

This information has been provided for information purposes only. It is not definitive and does not take precedence over the official publications of universities and colleges.

While every effort has been made to ensure that the information is accurate and that those institutions which wanted to take part have been included, CSU an accept no responsibility for errors or omissions.

Any queries about this list should be addressed to the data collectors, Mayflower Directories Production, Ro Dew, West Looe Hill, Looe, Cornwall PL13 2HH. Tel: 01503 264454. Fax: 01503 264821. Email: resopps@mayflower-cc.co.uk. All rights reserved. No part of this listing may be stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publishers.

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