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Established in 2008 by then-president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, the Institute of International Relations plays a crucial role in Turkmenistan. The country aims to maintain "Permanent Neutrality" and serve as "the Switzerland of Central Asia" since gaining independence from the Soviet Union.

The institute, based in the capital city of Ashgabat, is divided into sections specialising in international relations, international law, international economic relations, international journalism, and linguistics. Each section has its student club to promote extracurricular activities.

Since 2013, fifth-year students have taken part in a 12-week internship at Turkmenistan's diplomatic missions or other overseas organisations.

Over its first 12 years, the Institute produced 586 graduates, many of whom work for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or in law enforcement, economic, financial institutions, media, or related fields.

The institute maintains close contact with international organisations and hosts notable visitors, including foreign dignitaries and diplomats.